大型电力负荷项目

什么是大用电用户？ 
多年来，我们一直为该地区的大型能源用户提供服务。我们制定的政策和流程有助于评估项目、规划服务，并保护现有客户免受与支持新客户或不断增长的大客户所需的基础设施相关的成本的影响。在此过程中，我们继续支持商业投资和区域经济发展，同时帮助确保服务新大客户的成本不会转嫁给现有客户。

SMUD 与开发商密切合作，尽早了解他们的能源需求，鼓励和支持节能设计，评估电网影响，并据此规划基础设施，确保我们能够负责任地满足项目需求。大客户就是用电量非常大的客户。我们通常认为这是 50 兆瓦或以上，因为这种规模的客户由我们的高压输电系统提供服务。我们迄今为止的大多数最大客户的装机容量都在20兆瓦左右，因此，
客户提出的50兆瓦及以上的新项目需求，代表着比我们以往服务过的规模更大的项目。大型客户项目比一般的Commercial Development需要更多的规划、工程和基础设施。 为这些项目提供服务可能需要建造新的变电站和/或安装新的变压器，就像为了服务不断发展的社区或商业区而需要进行道路改善一样。

用电量大的用户能否惠及其他用户？
是的。一些大客户可以在用电Peak时段减少或转移能源消耗。 这种灵活性降低了SMUD在电价最高的Peak时段需要购买的电力数量，同时还能创造新的收入，这有助于保持所有人的电价都较低。 这种需求管理还有助于提高系统效率和可靠性。此外，迁至Sacramento地区或在该地区扩大业务的客户，通过创造就业机会和增加税收，为当地经济发展带来益处。

Is a large electrical load project currently planned in Sacramento?
目前Sacramento没有获批的大型电力负荷项目计划。 我们确实有开发商正在探索 2 个可能需要超过 50 兆瓦电力的潜在项目，但它们仍处于非常早期的可行性阶段。提出可行性研究或输电研究的请求并不意味着项目已经获得批准。事实上，它们在那个阶段甚至还没有完全设计完成。这些研究有助于判断项目在客户要求的期限内，在技术和财务上是否可行。

Any large electrical load project must receive land-use approval from the appropriate city or county authority before anything moves forward. If a project is approved, we’re legally obligated to provide electric service. We continue engaging thoughtfully with developers and local leaders to understand potential grid impacts and infrastructure needs while ensuring SMUD customer protection is in place.

SMUD是如何与这些大客户合作的？
We engage early. Because available capacity is not the same across our service area, some locations are better suited than others for large customers. Our dedicated commercial development team walks large projects through the process, and every large customer project starts with a transmission study to understand costs and impact on the grid before anything moves forward without risking the reliability of the entire system. These projects take time and careful planning – they don’t happen overnight.

谁来支付基础设施建设费用？我的利率会上涨吗？我们制定了服务延期和相关费用分摊流程
以
保护现有客户。为确保新大电力负荷客户得到一致对待，我们正在制定一项针对申请 50 兆瓦及以上电力负荷客户的新政策，以保护现有客户免受服务这些新大客户的成本影响。

Large load projects may require major infrastructure like substations and system upgrades. SMUD assigns these costs to the new customer, not existing ones. The upcoming large-load policy will clearly spell out safeguards and guardrails to allocate costs to the new large customer.

SMUD 如何应对更多大型电力负荷用户？ 
我们正在提前做好计划。我们正在为申请 50 兆瓦及以上的客户制定大负荷政策——预计将于 2027 年初提交董事会审议。它将详细介绍我们如何保障所有客户的价格可承受性和可靠性。作为我们更广泛的区域发展规划的一部分，我们还投资约600 200 万美元用于变电站升级，以维持可靠的服务，同时保持加州最低的费率之一。

作为一家社区所有、非营利性电力服务公司，我们致力于在保障社区应得的经济实惠、可靠、世界一流服务的同时，实现负责任的增长。

SMUD在服务大型电力负荷项目方面的优先事项是什么？ 
Protecting our customers is our top priority. As a community-owned, not-for-profit electric utility, our goal is to improve the lives of all our customers by providing safe, reliable and affordable power, while insulating current customers from potential costs of new large electrical load customers. We also work with potential large electrical load customers to design projects that maximize benefits for all customers. For example, if a large electrical load customer can shift their usage out of peak hours, it minimizes the amount of energy we need to purchase during peak hours when costs are highest, which helps us keep rates low for all customers.

When do you start working with potential large electrical load customers? 
我们及早主动地与潜在的大用电客户接洽，通常是在项目提交给市或县进行土地使用审批之前很久。及早介入使我们有机会了解项目的独特能源需求，评估不同地点的系统容量，并确定是否需要新的基础设施。这项前期工作还有助于确保服务这些客户所需的成本不会转嫁给SMUD的其他客户。

及早咨询使我们能够维护安全性和可靠性，保护电网，并向开发商明确传达他们在地方政府主导的土地利用过程中的角色和责任。

Why won’t SMUD disclose the company, location or other details about every large electrical load project application? 
我们依法保护所有客户的机密信息。根据《公共事业法典》 8380 - 8381 ，姓名、公司、地点、地址、联系方式和其他身份识别信息均属保密信息，该法典专门保护住宅和商业客户的私人信息。
维护客户信息的隐私也是大多数公司和行业的标准做法，并受多项州和联邦法律的约束，包括《加州消费者权益保护法》和《加州宪法》。

In some circumstances, privacy of certain information may also be required by non-disclosure agreements (NDAs). NDAs are important in business attraction projects for several reasons. Companies scouting new locations often don’t want competitors, current landlords, employees or investors to know they’re considering new operations and/or locations until decisions are finalized. They also protect sensitive business data like incentive negotiations to prevent premature market reaction, which is important for publicly traded companies.

In cases with potential large electrical load customers, we require early feasibility studies, meaning some of the proposals may not work or change in size, scope or location before a project even comes to fruition.

数据中心对Sacramento来说是新鲜事物吗？
不。我们地区早在2000年左右就开始运营数据中心了，如今这里已有十几个数据中心。由于 SMUD 靠近湾区且该地区地震稳定，因此他们为我们地区赖以生存的日常服务——银行、医院、电信和技术——提供支持。这些数据中心在支持我们日常生活中依赖的许多重要社区服务方面发挥着重要作用。数据中心支持医疗保健应用程序向用户发送包含化验结果的短信，而无需等待医生的电话。它们还允许你的银行发送短信询问“这是你吗？”可疑收费发生后几秒钟，甚至在你注意到之前就已经发生了。 

新的是更大、由人工智能驱动的类型，它提供了计算能力。人工智能技术正日益成为许多人日常生活的一部分，无论是通过直接使用，还是作为他们所依赖的服务和设备的一部分，这使得负责任的规划和基础设施审查变得更加重要。

Sacramento即将成为巨型数据中心枢纽吗？
It’s highly unlikely. The “hyperscale” AI data center campuses drawing attention can be 1 gigawatt or larger. That’s enough to power more than 750,000 average American homes for a year. Unlike some parts of the country such as Northern Virginia, Texas or Arizona where conditions have supported rapid data center growth, and Bay Area communities where data centers make up a huge share of electricity demand, Sacramento is seeing more diverse and more evenly distributed growth across a variety of industries, and much smaller data center growth.

Does SMUD approve data centers?
No. Local city and county governments make land-use decisions including zoning, permitting and environmental review. Once a large electrical load project, including data centers, is approved, SMUD is obligated to provide power. Large load projects may require major infrastructure like substations and system upgrades. SMUD assigns these costs to the new customer, not existing ones. The upcoming large-load policy will clearly spell out safeguards to allocate costs to the new large customer without risking the reliability of the entire system.

谁来决定是否在这里建设数据中心？
SMUD 不负责分区、许可和土地使用决策。它们是由当地市县政府通过各自的环境审批程序制定的。社区对土地利用和环境问题（如水资源、交通和社区影响）的疑问由相关管辖区负责解决。SMUD 在项目开发的早期阶段就与项目开发商和地方机构合作，了解能源需求，评估电网影响，并确定可能需要的基础设施。

一旦地方政府批准了某个项目，我们就有义务为其提供服务，但如果预期需求超过了能够可靠、安全地提供的服务，SMUD 将在规划和项目可行性研究过程的早期阶段就沟通这些限制因素。我们的职责是提供清晰、及时的可行性意见，以便利益相关者了解基础设施要求和影响，例如成本和时间表。

传统数据中心和支持人工智能 (AI) 运行的超大规模数据中心之间有什么区别？
Traditional data centers are the type of facilities that have operated in Sacramento for decades. They generally use much smaller amounts of electricity and have steady, predictable load profiles. Most operate in the 5–20-megawatt range, and they support everyday computing services like telecommunications, banking, hospitals and cloud storage, social media streaming services and media storage.

Hyperscale AI data centers are massive, industrial-scale facilities designed to support advanced AI processing. These loads can reach 500–1,000 megawatts and the facilities have very different design, cooling and power‑delivery needs. We’re not seeing hyperscale AI data center proposals in Sacramento, and the level of interest here is considerably smaller than in other states around the nation.

What kinds of things in daily life do data centers support?
We’ve operated data centers since the early 2000s. Data centers support an innovative economy and the technologies people depend on to work, learn, communicate, access public services and participate in modern life. There are many different types of data centers, which store, process and transmit the information behind:

• Online banking and financial systems
• Hospitals, health care platforms and medical record systems
• Telecommunications services and internet connectivity
• Cloud computing tools used by local businesses
• Social media, entertainment platforms and everyday apps
• AI‑driven services and digital tools
• 流媒体服务

These kinds of facilities have operated in Sacramento for decades and play a critical role in keeping community services running smoothly.

How are you coordinating with other regional leaders on the topic of large electrical load projects?
超过50兆瓦的大型电力负荷项目是一个新兴问题——需要区域层面的协调。我们致力于与区域合作伙伴共同努力，确保我们以周全的方式制定大负荷电力政策，并考虑其对整个区域的影响。我们致力于与社区/利益相关者互动，以确保我们能够继续平衡社区日益增长的电力需求，支持业务增长，保护客户免受成本转移的影响，并继续提供加州最低的电价。我们于8月13举办了一场面向公众的虚拟论坛，您可以在这里查看演示文稿。我们致力于与区域合作伙伴共同努力，确保我们以周全的方式制定大负荷电力政策，并考虑其对整个区域的影响。

客户如何就SMUD的大宗电力负荷政策提出意见？我们致力于
社区。我们已经与一些社区利益相关者会面，听取他们希望在我们的政策中看到哪些内容。我们已经听取了各种意见，并将在未来几个月继续与更多客户和利益相关者进行对话。在制定政策的过程中，我们致力于采取公开透明的方式。如有任何意见或疑问，请发送电子邮件至 LLPolicy@smud.org 。